What was a significant weakness of the Articles of Confederation regarding the judiciary?

The choice that identifies a significant weakness of the Articles of Confederation regarding the judiciary is accurate. Under the Articles, there was no established federal court system, which meant that there were only state courts operating independently. This lack of a federal judiciary created significant challenges in resolving disputes that transcended state boundaries or required uniform interpretation of federal laws. As a result, there was inconsistency in legal decisions, and states could interpret laws differently, leading to a fragmented legal system that hampered effective governance and legal uniformity.

Without federal courts, the Articles of Confederation struggled to enforce national laws and provide a means for the federal government to adjudicate disputes directly, making it difficult to manage issues that impacted multiple states or required national resolution. This inadequacy highlighted the need for a stronger federal judiciary, which eventually contributed to the establishment of the U.S. Constitution, creating a comprehensive federal court system.